Several summit eruptions since December 2020 created lava lakes within Halema‘uma‘u crater, which have been slowly filling the collapsed area that formed in 2018. In 2018, the decades-long continuous activity on the East Rift Zone ended, and the summit lava lake drained following an intrusion into, and eruption from, Kīlauea's lower East Rift Zone. At the summit, a vent within Halema‘uma‘u hosted an active lava pond and vigorous gas plume from 2008 to 2018. From 1983 to 2018 eruptive activity was nearly continuous along the volcano's East Rift Zone. Since 1952, Kīlauea has erupted dozens of times. Kīlauea ranks among the world's most active volcanoes and may even top the list. The caldera was the site of nearly continuous activity during the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century. Hawaiian chants and oral traditions tell in veiled form of many eruptions fomented by an angry Pele before the first European, the missionary Rev. The largest active volcano in the world, Mauna Loa, erupted for about 12 days in late 2022, the first eruption since 1984. Kīlauea is the home of Pele, the Hawaiian volcano goddess. Hawaiians used the word Kīlauea only for the summit caldera, but earth scientists and, over time, popular usage have extended the name to include the entire volcano. In other words, Kīlauea is to Mauna Kea as Kama‘ehuakanaloa (formerly Lō‘ihi) is to Mauna Loa. In fact, the summit of Kīlauea lies on a curving line of volcanoes that includes Mauna Kea and Kohala and excludes Mauna Loa. However, research over the past few decades shows clearly that Kīlauea has its own magma-plumbing system, extending to the surface from more than 60 km deep in the earth. The on-land segment of this lengthy volcanic line of vents is the zone of greatest hazard for future lava flows and cindery ash.Topographically Kīlauea appears as only a bulge on the southeastern flank of Mauna Loa, and so for many years Kīlauea was thought to be a mere satellite of its giant neighbor, not a separate volcano. More than 90 percent of Klauea's surface has been covered by lava in the same time frame. (Public domain.) On the Island of Hawai‘i, about 40 percent of Mauna Loa has been covered by lava erupted in the past 1,000 years. The alignment continues east beneath the ocean as Haleakalā Ridge, one of the longest rift zones along the Hawaiian Islands volcanic chain. Geologist samples layers formed by explosive eruptions at Klauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, about 200-1000 C.E. These two volcanic axes together form one gently curving arc that passes from La Perouse Bay (southwest flank of East Maui) through Haleakalā Crater to Hana on the east flank. It is one of six volcanoes in Hawaii, according to the agency. Volcanism of the past 30,000 years on East Maui has been focused along the southwest and east rift zones. Before Sunday, geologists had recorded 33 eruptions since 1843, making Mauna Loa among the world's most active volcanoes. The volcano began its growth about 2 million years ago. Basaltic lava is characteristic of the type of. It is part of a sequence of flows emplaced near the end of shield building on East Maui. This means that it is a broad, domed volcano with gently sloped sides. The oldest lava flow exposed on East Maui is about 1.1 million years in age. The crater is an erosional feature and opens at its northwest and southeast corners forming large valleys that drain to the north and south coasts, respectively. A large topographic depression, Haleakalā Crater, occupies the summit region. Early Hawaiians, however, applied the name only to the summit area, the site where the demigod Maui snared the sun and forced it to slow its journey across the sky. The Hawaiian name Hale-a-ka-la (literally, house of the sun), is now nearly synonymous with the entire shield of East Maui volcano. The volcano is considered to be in its post-shield stage. Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano on Earth, at 13,680 feet above sea level and more than 56,000 feet from its peak to its underwater base, according to USGS. East Maui's volume is about 30,000 km 3 (7,200 mi 3) with about 97% of the volume below sea level. East Maui's long eruptive history and recent activity indicate that the volcano will erupt in the future. The most recent eruptions occurred sometime between the years 14.
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